FIAlab Instruments, Inc.
14450 NE 29th Place STE 113
Bellevue, WA 98007 USA
Voice: 425-376-0450
Fax: 425-376-0451
fialab@flowinjection.com
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Agricultural and Environmental Assays,
including processing of waste water, soil
testing, and other environmental/agricultural applications are frequently
performed with Flow Injection Analysis. This is especially true
where the end user has a high throughput requirement of hundreds or even
thousands of samples per day. Smaller scale testing facilities also
find FIA to be a highly economical choice.
Assays typically
performed with FIA include
Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Chloride,
Silicate, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Alkalinity, and Hardness
The following table describes a few of these common assays, including
throughput and concentration range. Lower and higher concentration
methods are also available.
Both the
FIAlab-2500,
FIAlab-2600
and FIAlab-2700
make ideal instruments for these assays. Low level requirements (e.g.,
seawater nitrate levels) are accommodated through the use of
long path
flowcells.
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FIAlab-2500 with the Integrated
FIA Lab-On-Valve®
Manifold |
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Assay |
Typical
Throughput |
Concentration Range |
Notes |
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Nitrate (Mid
to High)
Nitrite (Mid
to High)
|
180
samples/hour
220
samples/hour
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0.03 to 200 mg
(N)/L
0.005
to 100 mg (N)/L
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Nitrites react
with sulfanilamide to form azo dyes that will then couple with N-
(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form magenta colored
solution.
A copperized cadmium column converts nitrate to nitrite.
Dynamic
Range extended using selected choices of wavelengths.
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Nitrate (Low)
Nitrite (Low)
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60
samples/hour
80
samples/hour
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0.003 to .9 mg
(N)/L
0.0005 to .18 mg (N)/L
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Identical
chemistry as above, however utilizes a 10 cm long optical path flow cell.
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Nitrate
- Reagent Free
|
60
samples/hour
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1
to 100 mg (N)/L
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Nitrate has a strong absorption at 214 nm in the UV range. This
approach is limited to cleaner samples, e.g., drinking water void suspended
matter and other interferences. |
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Ammonia (Mid
to High) |
120
samples/hour |
0.5
to 200 mg (N)/L NH3 |
Ammonia in water
can be determined using the standard Salicylate method. This method
requires a heated reaction coil. |
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Ammonia (Low) |
80
samples/hour |
0.01 to 10 mg
(N)/L NH3
|
Identical
chemistry as above, however utilizes a 10 cm long optical path flow cell. |
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Ammonia
(Ultra Low) |
30
samples/hour |
0.001 to 0.5
mg (N)/L NH3
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Fluorometric ammonium (OPA) analysis. Required
hardware includes PMT-FL and either the
FIAlab-2500
or FIAlab-2700. Also requires
a flowthrough heater. |
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Ammonia
by Gas Diffusion |
50
samples/hour |
1
to 1000 mg
(N)/L NH3
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Ammonia sample is injected into sodium hydroxide stream to form NH3.
The NH3 moves across a gas-permeable membrane into a collector stream
containing bromothymol blue. |
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Phosphate
(Mid to High)
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120
samples/hour |
0.1
to 25 mg
(Phosphate)
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Orthophosphates
react directly with molybdate anions to form a yellow-colored
phosphomolybdate complex. This complex is then reduced by ascorbic
acid to create a molybdenum blue species that has a broad absorbance range
from 700nm to 900nm.
Method
compatible with Bray and Olsen Bicarb soil extraction samples. Similar
method is compatible with total phosphate assays. |
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Phosphate
(Low) |
60 samples/hour |
0.01 to 2.5 mg
(Phosphorous)
|
Identical
chemistry as above, however requires heated reaction coil and a 10+ cm
flowcell. |
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Chloride
|
120
samples/hour |
1
to 50 mg Cl-/L
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The chloride
assay is based on the liberation of the thiocyanate ion (SCN) from mercuric
thiocyanate, through sequestration of mercury by the chloride ion, to form
un-ionized, but soluble mercuric chloride. The liberated SCN then reacts
with the ferric ion to form highly colored ferric thiocyanate. |
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Chloride
|
60
samples/hour |
0.1
to 5 mg Cl-/L
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Identical chemistry as above, however
utilizes a 10 cm long optical path length flowcell. |
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Sulfate |
120 samples/hour |
5
to 500 ppm
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Sulfate forms a precipitated with barium chloride and scatters light
proportional to the concentration. |
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Iron |
140
samples/hour |
0.1
to 100 ppm
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1,10-phenanthroline chelation
chemistry to Fe2+. This Fe-complex has an absorbance maximum
around 510nm. |
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Please email or phone FIAlab Instruments
for additional product information.
Email:
fialab@flowinjection.com,
Voice: 425-376-0450 or 1-800-963-1101,
Fax: 425-376-0451
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